In the course of her career, Langer says, she has written or co-written more than 200 studies, and she continues to churn out research at a striking pace. Just before winter break, in her final meeting with two dozen or so students and postdocs, Langer went around the table checking the progress of nearly 30 experiments, all of which manipulated subjects’ perceptions. Some used a special clock that could be set to run at half-speed or double-speed. In one study, sleeping subjects were fooled, upon awakening, into thinking they had more or less sleep than they actually did. She posits that the scores on measures of short-term memory and reaction time will vary accordingly, regardless of how long the subjects actually slept. In a yet-to-be-published diabetes study, Langer wondered whether the biochemistry of Type 2 diabetics could be manipulated by the same psychological intervention — the subjects’ perception of how much time had passed. Her theory was that the diabetics’ blood-glucose levels would follow perceived time rather than actual time; in other words, they would spike and dip when the subjects expected them to. And that’s what her data revealed. When a student emailed her with the results this fall, she could barely contain her excitement. “This is the beginning of a psychological cure for diabetes!” she told me.
兰格说,在她的职业生涯中,她已经独立撰写或与他人合作撰写了200多篇研究论文,如今她继续以惊人的速度发表大量研究。就在寒假前,她与二十多个学生和博士后最后一次开会时,兰格围着桌子检查着近30项实验的进展,这些实验都涉及操纵受试者的感知。一些实验使用了特制的时钟,这些钟能够以正常时钟的一半速度或者两倍速度运转。在某一项研究中,受试者一觉醒来后受到蒙骗,让他们以为自己睡得比实际时间更久或者更短。兰格设想,这些受试者的短期记忆和反应时间等指标的得分将发生相应变化,而无论他们的实际睡眠时间有多长。在一项尚未发表的糖尿病研究中,兰格想知道2型糖尿病患者的生化检查结果是否也能通过同样的心理干预——即受试者对于已经过去了多长时间的感知——来操纵。她的理论是,糖尿病人血糖水平会跟随受试者感知到的时间(而不是实际时间)波动;换句话说,它会按照受试者的预期上升或者下降。而实验数据揭示的情况正是这样。今年秋天,当学生通过电子邮件向她报告实验结果时,她几乎无法抑制自己内心的激动。她告诉我说:“这是用心理疗法治疗糖尿病的开端!”
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