第二部分学习策略概述
Part two: overview of learning strategies
一、学习策略的发展历史
1、 The history of learning strategies
学习策略作为学习的执行监控系统,对学习者的学习速度和学习质量都起着重要的作用。自古以来人们就很重视学习方法的掌握和应用。从现存的一些古代心理学和教育学文献上,可以看到,历史上已有相当一部分心理学家和教育学夹在他们的着作中谈到学习策略并论述过学习策略在学习过程中的重要性。例如,我国着名的教育家孔子就说过“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆”。法国近代思想家、心理学家、教育家卢所讲的“形成一种独立的学习方法,要比获得知识更为重要”。但是古人对学习策略的这些认识都是比较朴素的,零碎的,没有经过系统的研究。
Learning strategy, as a monitoring system of learning, plays an important role in learners' learning speed and quality. Since ancient times, people have attached great importance to the mastery and application of learning methods. From some existing ancient psychological and pedagogical documents, we can see that in history, quite a number of psychologists and pedagogies have talked about learning strategies in their works and discussed the importance of learning strategies in the learning process. For example, Confucius, a famous educator in China, said that "learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous". Lu, a modern French thinker, psychologist and educator, said that "it is more important to form an independent learning method than to acquire knowledge". But the ancient people's understanding of learning strategies is simple, fragmentary and has not been systematically studied.
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