The above four different views can be unified. In the abstract sense, learning strategy is an "implicit learning rule"; in the operational sense, learning strategy is an organic unity of learning methods and learning regulation and control; in the structural sense, learning strategy is composed of "learning methods" and "learning regulation and control" (hyperenglish, 1999). Therefore, from the above point of view, the definition of learning strategy given by Kuai Chaoying is "learning the understanding of learning tasks, the call of learning methods and the regulation of learning process in learning situations". In other words, learning strategy is the monitoring system of learning execution for learners.
⒉学习策略的成分和层次
2. Components and levels of learning strategies
由于对学习策略内涵的看法不同,对学习策略的成分和层次的看法也不尽相同。比较有代表性的有以下几种:
Because of the different views on the connotation of learning strategies, there are different views on the components and levels of learning strategies. There are several representative ones:
⑴奈斯彼特、舒克史密斯(Nisbet,Shucksmish)(史耀芳,1994)把学习策略划分为三个层次:
(1) Nisbet and shucksmish (Shi Yaofang, 1994) divide learning strategies into three levels:
①一般策略。其特征与态度和动机因素有关。
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